What causes Alzheimer’s?
The exact cause of AD is unknown. However, there are some risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s.

What is Alzheimer’s symptoms?
The disease can appear in various forms, and may not be noticeable until the disease has already evolved somewhat.
The following symptoms may make you think in the presence of Alzheimer’s disease:

• Loss of memory: forgetfulness of things that just do (eg do not know they have eaten)

(However, it is important to note that between 25% and 50% of people over 65 is subjective problems of memory loss. This does not necessarily mean you will develop dementia in the future. )

• Difficulty performing familiar tasks: for example problems for management of common appliances, management of which was previously known

• Language difficulties: for example difficulty in finding the right words to express

• Disorientation in time and space: for example forget the day, lost in his own house and so on.

• Decrease the trial: for example making incorrect decisions about the clothing that must be activated for time that you make and so on. (coat on a hot sunny day)

• Problems with abstract thinking: for example problems of using numbers to make simple calculations.

• Dislocation of things: for example put shoes in the washer.

• Abrupt and unmotivated changes in mood or behavior

• Changes exaggerated personality

• Loss of initiative

What are the risk factors?
Since the cause of Alzheimer is still unknown, it is very difficult to establish risk factors. But it is known that the combination of two or more of these factors increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease:

• Age over 65 years
• Relatives suffering from Alzheimer’s
• Lack of mental activity
• Occupational exposure to pesticides, fertilizers and solvents
• Vascular risk factors (hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation)

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There are also medications long-term control. These are used continuously to control chronic symptoms and prevent asthma episodes. These include inhaled glucocorticoids. These are anti-inflammatory drugs are considered the most effective. Inhaled glucocorticoids help reduce the frequency of asthma episodes and reduce the dose of other drugs used to relieve symptoms. Because they travel directly into the airways is a risk of side effects is greatly reduced. Can still cause some problems such as thrush in the mouth and pharynx, atrophy of the muscles of the larynx which causes speech problems caused by irritation and coughing. Using low doses or a holding chamber are reduced these effects. Inhaled glucocorticoids may also affect the growth of some children. In addition there may be a slight increased risk of skin bruising and it becomes thin and susceptible to damage. The use of spacer is recommended as well as mouthwash and gargle after throwing water used. This reduces the amount of glucocorticoid that can be swallowed and absorbed through the digestive system. It also reduces the possibility of infections such as candidiasis already mentioned and the irritation of the mouth and throat.

Other drugs are long-term control beta-2 agonists. These are bronchodilators whose action can last up to 18 hours. Some of these are salmeterol (Begles Serevent INASP Betamican) and formoterol (Oxis, Neblik, Foradil). These drugs are used in combination with inhaled glucocorticoids.

The leukotriene modifiers or inhibitors are other medicines for long-term control. Leukotrienes are substances secreted by cells in the lungs during an asthma attack that cause inflammation in the lining of the airways. Some are leukotriene modifiers montelukast (Singulair) and zafirlukast (Accolate). Usually are not as effective as inhaled glucocorticoids but are an option when there is a mild attack of asthma and want to avoid the use of glucocorticoids. Leukotriene modifiers are also used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids or other medicines to help prevent asthma episodes.

The chromones – including cromolyn (Intal, Frenal) and nedocromil (Tilade, Ildor, Brionil, Cetinil), inhibit the degranulation of mast cells, immune cells that release histamine which in turn takes part in the inflammatory process. In some patients these drugs can control asthma and prevent asthma attacks of mild to moderate. In some cases they can help prevent exercise-induced asthma when used one hour before strenuous physical activity.

Methylxanthines (theophylline and aminophylline) act as bronchodilators. Its mode of action is unknown and at high doses can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, reflux, confusion, fast or irregular heartbeat, nervousness and even coma. The doses of these drugs must be tailored to each person through blood tests. Currently these drugs are falling into disuse.
Immunotherapy is another treatment. This is used for desensitization injections against allergens that can cause an asthma attack. They are administered as a vaccine the same substances that cause asthma, but in small quantities so that the body gets used and not reject them. This is a long-term therapy based on subcutaneous injections. The desired effects may take two or three years to produce.

Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies – In allergies the body produces antibodies called IgE that attack substances that generally are harmless, like pollen, dust mites or hair from domestic animals, causing the typical symptoms of this condition . A drug called omalizumab (Xolair) blocks the action of these antibodies and thus reduces the number of episodes of asthma caused by allergies. This medicine is provided based on injections. Among the risks is the possibility of a severe reaction that can produce up to two hours after injection. It is also believed that this drug may be related to cancer development. Pregnant women should or lactating should consult their doctor and that Xolair may cause complications.

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Asthma Symptoms

Caution: Asthma is a serious condition and is a medical emergency. If you or someone around you suffers from acute asthma attacks consult your doctor or go to an emergency room quickly.

Symptoms of asthma include coughing, wheezing, runny in the form of phlegm, and dyspnea or fatigue (short breath). The severity of symptoms varies from a whistle may occur to a lesser severe difficulty breathing. Sometimes we think of asthma as a condition annoying but not life threatening. However, thousands of people die each year because of an asthma attack.

Asthma symptoms occur more frequently during the night. In some cases, asthma presents with long periods in which there are no symptoms until a crisis occurs or what many people call an asthma attack. In other cases the symptoms are more or less continuously, producing occasionally a sharpening of these. There are cases in which only show a persistent cough and tightness in the chest area. In some children appear to be a recurring bronchitis, coughing and phlegm without fatigue on breathing or other symptoms that occur in adults.

Incidence
Asthma has a higher incidence in children than in adults. It is estimated that in children the incidence is about eleven percent. However, in some cities with a high incidence of environmental pollution can be up to twenty five percent. About 80 percent of children with asthma develop symptoms before five years of age. By school age is more common among men. Fortunately, the trend is toward healing and that among adults the incidence is reduced to between four and six percent. People who were breastfed as children have a lower incidence of asthma.

Diagnosing Asthma
The diagnosis of asthma may be difficult due to the variety of symptoms and the need to rule out other conditions that can cause some similar symptoms. Conditions that can cause asthma-like symptoms include pulmonary emphysema, the beginnings of congestive heart failure and a vocal cord dysfunction known as episodic laryngeal dysfunction that affects mostly women. To reach a diagnosis is used in many cases to a medical history and various tests. One test used is known as pulmonary function test which determines how much air enters and leaves the lungs when we breathe.

To measure lung function are mainly used two instruments. One of them is called a spirometer and the other as meter peak. Another test used is the bronchial provocation. In this methacholine used an agent known to cause asthma. If you have asthma this agent will cause a small constriction of the airways, which can be measured with a pulmonary function test. In young children can not perform pulmonary function tests and diagnosis is done by careful collection and analysis of medical records and observation of patient response to an inhaled bronchodilator medication. If the patient improves with this drug is as safe as it is asthma. Exposure to cigarette smoke.

• Exposure to asthma triggers present in the workplace. These are chemicals used in agriculture, beauty salons and in the manufacture of electronic components, paints, steel and plastics.
• Having the parent (or both) asthmatics
• Low birth weight
• Obesity
• GE Reflux

In people whose asthma began before or two years of age whose mother also suffers or suffered from asthma, as well as those with a positive allergy test in which there are persistently impaired respiratory function the probability that the asthma is sustained after arrival adulthood is higher.

Complications of asthma
Allergy to which often starts asthma can be gradually replaced by inflammation. Over the years this can lead to tissue destruction of the bronchi. In these individuals occurs because of chronic inflammation, an irreversible obstructive airway and pulmonary function may decrease rapidly.

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• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Osteoarthritis
• Dyslipidemia (for example, high concentrations of total cholesterol or high triglycerides)
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Diseases of the gallbladder
• Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
• Some cancers (endometrial, breast and colon).

Although one of the national health objectives for the coming years is to reduce obesity, current data indicate that the situation is getting worse rather than better. Then we will provide a variety of information designed to help people understand this serious health problem and efforts being made to address it.

Definition of overweight and obesity

Overweight and obesity are two labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges of weight that have shown an increased risk of certain diseases and other health problems.

For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate a number called “Body Mass Index” (BMI). The BMI is used by most people to calculate their body fat.

The BMI is a measure of weight given person in relation to height you have. Although no distinction is made between components non-fat and fat components of total body mass, this is the procedure most often used to value the risk associated with overweight and obesity.

• Between a BMI of 25 to 30 emphasizes an increased risk. People with this weight are characterized by individuals with overweight or overweight.
• A BMI of 30 to 35 is considered mild obesity.
• A BMI of 35 to 40 represents moderate obesity.
• A BMI value above 40 is considered morbidly obese person.
• Below 20 kilograms per square meter stand higher rates of lung trouble, and even malnutrition. In this range may include those persons who, for example, suffer from anorexia nervosa.

Therefore we emphasize that the ideal BMI is between 20 to 25 kilograms per square meter. It is important to remember that although BMI correlates with body fat, BMI does not directly measure body fat. As a result, some people such as athletes, can have a BMI that identifies them as overweight even though they have no excess body fat.

Other methods of estimating body fat and body fat distribution include measurements of skinfolds and waist circumference, calculation of waist-hip circumference ratios, and techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

In addition, the BMI ranges for children and teens are defined so as to take into account normal differences in body fat between boys and girls, and differences in body fat at different ages.

Risks of Obesity

The BMI is only an indicator of potential health risks associated with being overweight or obese. In assessing someone’s likelihood of developing overweight or obesity, or heart-related diseases, lung and blood, we recommend that you seek other determinants:

• The circumference of the waist of the individual (because abdominal fat is a determinant of risk for obesity-related diseases).
• Other risk factors for the individual is the predisposition for diseases and conditions associated with obesity (eg high blood pressure or physical inactivity).

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CAUSES

The germs involved are numerous:

• Bacteria : Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella.
• Virus : enterovirus, adenovirus.
• Parasites : Entamoeba histolytica amoebae-, Giardia lamblia.
• Fungi : Candida albicans

The food toxic infection also common, is caused by the ingestion of a toxin produced by a bacterial germ rate, which typically originates from consumption of spoiled food. The toxin-producing microorganisms are staphylococci, clostridia, E. Coli.

The indiscriminate use of certain drugs, mainly antibiotics, laxatives, and some toxic irritant foods such as alcohol, arsenic, lead, mercury and others can cause severe diarrhea. Less common are food allergies, appendicitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and others.

SYMPTOMS

The main symptoms include abdominal cramps, feeling urgent bowel movements, nausea and vomiting, along with the emission of soft or watery stool, sometimes accompanied by mucus or blood. There may be fever and muscle aches. In severe cases, symptoms of dehydration.

TREATMENT

The treatment of acute diarrhea consists primarily of managing a soft diet and astringent (made from rice, carrots, apples, bananas, chicken) and if there is dehydration, give plenty of fluids orally or intravenously depending on the seriousness of the case.

Most episodes of acute diarrhea of viral or bacterial cause does not require specific treatment because they are self-limiting. In cases caused by parasites or if the infection is widespread, antimicrobial treatment is needed. Nonspecific antidiarrheal preparations, abused in many cases are rarely indicated.

In acute gastroenteritis are unnecessary and may even be as harmful as it prolongs the course of the disease in some cases when produced by Salmonella or Shigella uncomplicated. In Chronic diarrhea with antidiarrheal treatment can mask the process and delay the correct treatment of the causative agent of the disease.

REMEMBER…

Acute diarrhea can be accompanied by signs and symptoms such as high fever or condition of the general state, blood in stool, painful bowel movements or intense thirst, dry mucous

Persistent diarrhea or worsening of signs and symptoms associated with it may require a microbiological examination of stool and in some cases, antibiotic treatment and even hospitalization.

The presence of chronic diarrhea suggests a serious condition that requires monitoring by a specialist. Often accompanied by weight loss and anemia.

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The development of advanced cardiac care in hospital and good post-hospital care means that heart attack patients have a good chance to make a full recovery. This is important information to remember when you are reassuring to someone who has a heart attack.

Signs and symptoms of heart attack

These signs and symptoms are usually identical to those of angina – in fact, the patient may initially the attack of angina sufferer who becomes a heart attack.

The key difference is that heart attacks do not always follow physicalexertion. While sufferers will of angina is recovering from his attack on resting, the heart attack patients do not tend to improve without medical treatment.

Treatment for heart attack

• Move the death in a semi-sitting, head and shoulder supported and knees bent, as this is usually the best position to breathe in..
• Reassure the death and not let your move, as this will put an additional strain on the heart.
• Call for an ambulance as soon as possible because death required hospital care.
• If death has angina medication, let your take this. If you have a regular aspirin, to give you one to chew (without water).
• Save a continuous check on the breath and pulse and be prepared to resuscitate if necessary.

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A mid-sixteenth century Europe was introduced in the habit of consuming dried leaf snuff, which is soon transformed into a major product of colonial trade.
Snuff consumption continued to increase worldwide until 1973, when he began to observe a decrease, but remains one of the most common habits of society atual, despite the harmful effects produced by its consumption.

The consumption of snuff and toxic substances in individuals begins with unpleasant feelings, among which are cough, nausea and even vomiting. After some time, smokers expressed pleasure for its taste and aroma. Some smokers say that calms the nerves and consumption at other times acts as a stimulant, being these the main effects produced by nicotine, depending on the dose consumed, consumer activity and its physical and psychological constitution.

Nicotine produces physical and psychological addiction so quitting generate withdrawal symptoms very unpleasant physical and psychological.

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It is believed that menstruation is normal when uterine bleeding occurs between every 25 and 35 days and not excessive. The normal duration of bleeding is to be between 2 and 7 days. Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs when the frequency or quantity of uterine bleeding differs from the above occur or uterine bleeding unrelated to menstrual cycle.

Causes

Abnormal uterine bleeding may be due to structural abnormalities of the uterus or what is called dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Among the structural abnormalities are benign lesions such as endometrial polyps, fibroids or uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. It can also be a manifestation of endometrial cancer is more common in older women. Other times may be due to lesions in the cervix or vagina, either benign or cancerous, chronic infections of the endometrium (endometritis) or use intrauterine devices (IUDs).

Other causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, not directly related to structural abnormalities may be the use of medications that affect the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, chronic medical illnesses such as diabetes or liver disease, kidney, thyroid, adrenal gland adrenals. Also the physical or emotional stress can induce the occurrence of abnormal uterine bleeding. For dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal bleeding understood when this occurs without regard to structural abnormalities of the uterus or endometrium. The main cause is anovulation, ie lack of ovulation.

Diagnostics

Any woman experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding should be evaluated in a medical consultation. Among the diagnostic procedures should be conducted to determine the cause of the bleeding would place first physical examination and endometrial biopsy. The latter involves taking a sample from inside the uterus to rule out abnormalities.

Ultrasound, a technique based on ultrasound and therefore does not involve exposure to X-rays, is undoubtedly the imaging technique most used in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. It allows the study of the uterus and ovaries.

Hysteroscopy is also a useful diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. This technique involves inserting a small instrument through the cervix that allows direct visual inspection of the uterine cavity.

Under certain circumstances it may be advisable to carry out a dilation and curettage, is to be done under general anesthesia, and also provide diagnostic information can sometimes be therapeutic.

Moreover, there are causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in relation to chronic diseases or coagulation disorders, as well as anovulation. Therefore, it may be advisable to conduct a series of blood tests to rule out alterations in those organs that can induce the occurrence of such abnormal bleeding.

Treatments

The treatment must be individualized according to the specific cause of abnormal bleeding. In the case of dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to anovulation, treatment is primarily medical, by taking ovulation drugs reinstate or allow control of bleeding. If these treatments fail is a useful alternative to endometrial ablation, ie, surgical separation of the majority of endometrial tissue, which would allow a decrease in the amount of bleeding. This treatment should be reserved for those patients who become pregnant discarded. Hysteroscopy is done through general anesthesia. It is important to exclude serious lesions of the endometrium, primarily endometrial cancer, before performing this procedure.

For chronic diseases that induce abnormal uterine bleeding, the therapeutic focus should be directed primarily to treatment of the disease, being of assistance measures similar to those described above.

In the case of structural abnormalities of the uterus or endometrium, have a specific treatment, primarily surgically, either by using hysteroscopy, such as removal of fibroids, polyps or through open surgery (laparotomy) and can If necessary the removal of myoma only if this is the cause of bleeding (which is called myomectomy) or in extreme circumstances removal of the uterus (hysterectomy).

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• Sudden and violent chills
• Sweating
• Depletion
• Headache and muscle
• High fever (about 47 degrees)
• Vomiting and nausea
• Diarrhea and jaundice
• Delirium

How is malaria diagnosed?
The diagnosis of malaria is made through a microscope to identify Plasmodium parasites in a blood sample.

How is malaria?
Malaria is treated with drugs that interfere with the life cycle or metabolism of the parasite. The use of these drugs depends on the type of malaria and where the disease was acquired.
Some types of malaria are resistant to medicines in certain areas, treatment should start sooner, although the disease is mild, to prevent complications and death.

In Ecuador where there is danger of malaria?
Malaria is a major public health problems of Ecuador, and a major cause of morbidity in people living in areas at risk.

• In the mountains and in the Galapagos Islands there is no risk of malaria throughout the year.
• In Amazonia the risk of contracting malaria is high all year, especially in remote communities and parks, to which are accessed by boat or plane.
• On the coast in the rainy season (January to June) there is a low to medium risk.
• There is no malaria in the Amazon part high, ie in the range of the backbone Amazon: Baeza, Tena, Misahuallí, Puyo, Macas etc.

Malaria prevention
Malaria can be prevented. Here some tips to help protect yourself:

• Ask your doctor about certain medications that can protect
• Use insect repellents with DEET
• Cover
• Sleep under a mosquito net to protect against bites
• Eliminate or reduce breeding sites (destruction of larvae), with the spraying, and stagnant water reservoirs, pools, etc..

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Hives can be caused by many things, including:

Allergic reaction, for example, to certain foods or bee or wasp stings.
The skin comes into contact with something irritating, such as latex, chemicals, or nettles.
Drugs, usually anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used to treat pain and fever, and ACE inhibitors, used to treat high blood pressure.
Physical triggers, such as skin pressure, low temperature, sunlight and water.
However, in about 50% of cases, does not identify any cause.

Urticaria is a common disease that affects one in six people at some point in their lives. It is more likely to affect more children and women.
The rash usually disappears after a few days, but some cases may last longer. It is not contagious.
Hives should not continue for more than six weeks is called acute urticaria.

Chronic urticaria

If episodes of urticaria lasting more than six weeks is called chronic urticaria. Chronic urticaria is much rarer than acute urticaria, affects one in every 1,000 people.

The causes of most cases of chronic urticaria is unknown, but believed to be a problem with the person’s immune system.

About 50% of people with chronic urticaria and 25% of people with acute urticaria, also get a related condition called angioedema. The Angioedema involves swelling in the deeper layers of skin.

The swelling causes a burning sensation and often occurs in the neck and face, fingers and toes, and men in genitals.

Anaphylaxis

In rare cases, hives can be one of the first symptoms of an extreme allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. As the reaction proceeds, throat and airways swell, making breathing difficult, and the person experiences a massive drop in blood pressure.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition and requires emergency treatment.

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