Without treatment to treat Giardia infection, infection is likely to eventually go alone. However, the treatment is useful for anyone who has symptoms and can also help when no symptoms because it can prevent the spread of infection to others. This is especially true for children and people who prepare or serve food.

Can be used multiple medicines to treat Giardia infection, including metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax), quinacrine hydrochloride (mepacrine), albendazole (Albenza), furazolidone (Furoxone), nitazoxanide (Alinia) and bacitracin.

A doctor should examine and consider treatment in sexual partners and people who have had close contact with an infected person, as members of the family, even when no symptoms. Pregnant women often are not treated with medications, particularly during the first quarter.

If you have giardiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. The counter antidiarrheal medicines such as loperamide (Imodium) may help improve symptoms. Wash your hands frequently if you have giardiasis or if you are caring for a person or animal to this infection.

When To Call a Professional

See your doctor if you have diarrhea, especially if diarrhea lasts many days, if stools are floating, smelly or if you have abdominal cramps, inflammation (swelling) or fever.

Forecast

In healthy people, giardiasis usually gone within weeks, with or without treatment. In some cases, Giardia may be chronic if not treated.

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Travelers should be especially careful to avoid eating contaminated food and water. It is safer to eat peeled or cooked products, cooking food destroys parasites and cysts.

To prevent giardiasis caused by contaminated water, drink water only from approved for consumption. When camping or traveling to developing countries, drink bottled water or other bottled or canned drinks. Campers can drink bottled water, treat water with iodine for eight or more hours, using a filter for good water or boil water for at least one minute. The travelers to developing countries should avoid drinks with ice.

It is always a good habit to wash your hands frequently. This can reduce your risk of becoming infected with Giardia at home and while traveling. It is especially important to wash hands after using the bathroom, before eating and after changing a diaper and after care of a sick person or animal.

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Your doctor will ask about your medical history, if I could have had contact with contaminated water during camping or hiking, and if your water is from wells. If the patient is a child attending day care, the doctor will ask about any recent diarrhea outbreak in the nursery and also review the patient’s symptoms.

Finally, the diagnosis is made by analyzing fecal matter in search of Giardia antigen, a protein produced by the parasites of G. lamblia, or by identifying cysts of G. lamblia or parasites in stool samples.

May be necessary to collect several stool samples because the infection can be detected only in a portion of the stool samples collected, even when no infection. Less frequently, the diagnosis may require an examination of the intestine with a procedure called endoscopy. By this procedure, an instrument called an endoscope through the mouth into the intestine. The endoscope is a narrow instrument, flexible and shaped like a cord having a camera on the end. If necessary, your doctor may use endoscopy to take a small piece of tissue from your small intestine (biopsy) for examination in a laboratory.

Duration

The worst symptoms of giardiasis usually lasts five to seven days, if not delayed diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms can last several months to disappear completely after treatment ends. It is common intolerance to milk and other dairy products containing lactose during the first months after Giardia infection. In some people who are not treated, the infection can cause repeated attacks of abdominal pain and diarrhea for a year or more.

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* Watery diarrhea
* Abdominal cramps
* Inflammation (swelling)
* Nausea with or without vomiting
* Gas (flatulence)
* Floating stools and often smelly
* Weight loss
* New intolerance to milk and dairy in your diet
* Mild fever
* Loss of appetite

Some symptoms may take several months or longer to manifest because they are caused by gradual changes in the lining of the intestine. The G. lamblia interferes with the body’s ability to absorb fat, so their feces contain more fat when Giardia infection. That’s why your stool may float and be smelly.

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In developing regions, it is common that 20% of the population of these countries have ongoing Giardia infections. In the U.S., only 1 or 2 in 10,000 people have Giardia in a year, but the infection is in about 1 in 3 people who have prolonged diarrhea symptoms if they have recently traveled to a developing country.

As part of its life cycle, the parasite G. lamblia cyst becomes. Infectious cysts are found in the feces (stool) of an infected person or animal. You can be infected with G. lamblia if:

* Drink water contaminated with Giardia cysts (usually because the water has been in contact with wastewater).
* Eat fruit and raw vegetables were washed with contaminated water.
* Eat fruit and raw vegetables in a garden where contaminated fertilizer was used
* Touches feces, dirty diapers with feces or objects and then do not wash their hands properly
* Direct contact with an infected person or animal and then do not wash their hands properly

The G. lamblia can survive for more than two months to chlorinated water and there are cases associated with the use of municipal water.

The people at greatest risk of contracting giardiasis include:

* Children in care and their families
* Day-care workers
* People who travel to developing countries
* Campers and take purified water
* Gay men (due to the practice of anal sex)

Boys are three times more likely than adults to develop giardiasis. Over time, it is possible that the human body develops some immunity against parasites.

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Heart attacks heart represent 60% and stroke by 25% of deaths in people with diabetes. A 1998 study reported that patients with type 2 diabetes and no history of heart disease have the same risk of a heart attack at age seven than non-diabetics with heart disease.

Insulin resistance in the long run, even without type 2 diabetes, appears to have significant harmful effects on the heart. This condition occurs when insulin levels are normal to high, but the body is unable to use insulin to regulate blood sugar metabolism and keep it for energy. In such cases, the body compensates for this by increasing insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia), which in turn increases triglycerides and lowers HDL cholesterol. Normally, insulin stimulates the release of two substances, endothelin and nitric oxide, which are important to keep open the arteries elastic. Insulin resistance can cause an imbalance in these substances. [For more information, see chapter egalenia encyclopedia on Diabetes: Type I and Diabetes: Type II].

Homocysteine

Abnormal levels of the amino acid homocysteine ​​in the blood are closely linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Homocysteine ​​can damage the inside of the arteries and promote blood clotting. You can find high levels of this amino acid in the presence of deficiency of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid. Some experts believe that high levels of homocysteine ​​are only indicators, not causes, of heart disease. However, some studies have suggested that there is a strong association between this factor and heart disease.

Obesity

Obesity is associated with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels and lack of exercise, all factors contributing to myocardial infarction. Abdominal obesity (“curve of happiness”) is a higher risk. In fact, a 2000 study stated that men with a waist size over 90 cm. and high triglyceride levels (plus 2 mmol/L) are at increased risk of developing heart disease in the next five years.
Obesity in children is a risk factor for future heart problems larger than a family history of heart disease. People who are overweight in midlife may not completely reduce the risk of coronary heart disease later, even though losing excess weight. People who are overweight or obese have high levels of C-reactive protein, an indicator substance of inflammation and a marker of heart disease.

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For example, brisk walking has the following advantages:

- Low heart rate and blood pressure
- Improved cholesterol
- Lowers blood sugar levels
- Open the blood vessels and, in combination with a healthy diet can improve blood clotting factors.
- Reduces stress and improves mood.

Some studies indicate that for most cardiac protection, what counts is not the duration of exercise, but the total daily energy expenditure. Therefore, the best way to exercise may consist of short periods of intense exercise. Even elderly people with unstable angina or who have previously suffered a heart attack may benefit from a structured exercise program. Exercises that train and strengthen the muscles of the chest can also be very important for patients with angina.

It should be emphasized that strenuous exercise (such as removing snow or mowing the lawn) may be a risk of angina and myocardial infarction for these people. Also, activities that involve raising your arms above your head can involve risk, and people with angina should never exercise after eating.

People who have risk factors for heart disease should seek medical advice and consent and the requirement of a detailed program of exercises. Everyone, including healthy persons, must observe his body, ignoring the discomfort they may feel while exercising. [See the chapter on Exercise egalenia encyclopedia].

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- Optimum (below 120/80 mm Hg).
- Normal (between 120/80 and 130/85 mm Hg).
- Normal-high (between 130/85 and 139/89). (Some studies indicate that high-normal places the patient at an increased risk of cardiac events and stroke, although others suggest that the risk exists mainly in diabetics).
- Hypertension, or high blood pressure (140/90).

Several studies have shown that elevated systolic blood pressure is significantly more accurate indicator of hypertension, particularly in the elderly. (Systolic pressure is the highest and the first issue of blood pressure measurement. It measures the force of blood against artery walls and cardiac contractions to pump blood. [For more information, see the chapter on egalenia encyclopedia on hypertension].

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Smokers between thirty and forty years have a heart attack rate five times greater than nonsmokers of the same age group. Cigarette smoking may be directly responsible for at least 20% of all deaths annually, or about 120,000 deaths annually. Cigar smoking can increase the risk of early death from heart disease, although the evidence is more conclusive for cigarettes.

Cholesterol and other lipids

A number of studies have now shown that reducing LDL (bad cholesterol) and total cholesterol levels and increase HDL levels (the so-called good cholesterol) improves survival and prevents heart attacks. Depending on risk factors, people should try to reach the following levels of cholesterol:

General values ​​for cholesterol:

- Total cholesterol: 200 mg/dl or less.
- Levels of LDL cholesterol: 160 mg/dl or less. (The less the better).
- Levels of HDL cholesterol: 45 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women, with approximately 60 objective (higher is better).
- Levels of triglycerides: 200 mg/dL or lower. (Although there is evidence to suggest that people should reach levels below 100 mg / dL to reduce the risk of heart disease)

Values ​​for people with two or more risk factors for heart disease:

- LDL levels 130 mg/dl or less.

Values ​​for people with existing heart disease:

- LDL levels under 100 mg/dl. Now is also believed that high levels of other lipids, including lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein A-1 and B are important indicators of cardiac risk. Apolipoprotein B, for example, can be a very accurate indicator of heart disease risk in women. [For more information, see the chapters of the encyclopedia egalenia, Cholesterol and heart-healthy diet].

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Sex

Coronary heart disease is more common in middle-aged men. Women spend on average ten to fifteen years longer than men, suffer from heart disease, but as they age women reach men. In fact, women are more likely to have angina than men. As regards age, survival rates for heart attacks are similar in men and women, but young women are at increased risk of death from stroke than men the same age. The reasons for this are not clear.

In Spain, coronary artery disease is responsible for 32 percent of deaths in women and 25 percent of men.
Estrogen, which seem to protect the heart, may have something to do, and may be that many young women who suffer heart attacks have lower estrogen levels. For example, in a 2000 study, women who came early in the natural process of menopause (35-40 years for) had a higher risk of death from a heart attack than women who entered menopause later in .

Many studies have reported that women receive less aggressive treatment than men in all stages of heart disease. Recent studies have suggested, however, is similar for both men and women during the late stages of heart disease. Younger women with heart disease often do not have the same symptoms as their male counterparts and less likely to be diagnosed properly or aggressively. In fact, it is less likely to develop symptoms as typical angina and evidence are often more women than men to detect gastrointestinal problems. (An interesting 1999 study found that while, in fact, women with unstable angina were treated less aggressively than men, when compared risk factors, men had worse long-term).

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