When a fracture occurs with minimal trauma is the most common cause of osteoporosis and densitometry is not necessary. If the patient has not suffered fractures a bone density test needs to be done (to measure bone mineral density) to dignosticar osteoporosis. In this case it is better to perform densitometry in the lumbar spine and hip in the forearm.

Even on the occasions that densitometry is not necessary (when there are previous fractures) should be performed a physical examination and blood tests to ensure that the cause of fractures is osteoporosis, since there are other diseases that may also cause fractures and loss of calcium in the bones and need different treatments than those used in osteoporosis. For example, cancers, vitamin deficiency or disease of the bone marrow can cause bone fractures. However, osteoporosis is the most common cause of fractures.

The future

Once a fracture caused by osteoporosis, the risk of a new bone fracture is more than double that of normal people, but varies with the calcium content of bones and the risk of falls. In addition to pain and disability caused by fractures in any bone, fractures of the femoral neck (hip) are particularly serious result statistically significant mortality.

credit to: Dra. Ana María Rodríguez García, Dr. Bo Abrahamsen, Dr. Leif Mosekilde, Dr. John Pillinger

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Follow a diet with adequate calcium content and vitamin D.

A simple rule for adults is trying to consume 1,000 mg of calcium per day (eg 2 cups of milk and a yogurt or 100 gr. Of cheese). After menopause, osteoporosis experts recommend a dose of 1,200 to 1,500 mg of calcium per day. The same amount should be taken by persons who are treated with corticosteroids.

The people who do not like dairy products or are allergic to them should take calcium supplements. Currently on the market different preparations of calcium, some in combination with vitamin D. The amount of calcium tablets to be taken depends on the intake of dairy products. Calcium supplements should be combined with food in 2 or 3 doses per day.Vitamin D is found in oily fish, canned fish and canned herring, sardines, salmon and mackerel, and can also be synthesized in the skin to sunlight. In the summer the elderly should be advised to sunbathe at least half an hour a day, and in winter regularly consume oily fish (sardines, anchovies, mackerel). If this is not done, you need a vitamin D supplement of 10 micrograms (400 units).

Most experts in the field of osteoporosis is recommended that people who have taken 600 units (40 micrograms) of vitamin D daily, and calcium supplements are recommended.

Avoid smoking and alcohol. The annual loss of bone mass is doubled in smokers than in nonsmokers. Snuff can blame the one in six hip fractures.

Should consider treatment with estrogen hormones in women, especially if they have had early menopause.

It is beneficial and highly recommended to exercise for 30 minutes at least 3 times a week.

Is important to adapt the home and lifestyle change to prevent falls. One in twenty address falls within the fracture occurs, and of these, one in five is a hip fracture.

credit to: Dra. Ana María Rodríguez García, Dr. Bo Abrahamsen, Dr. Leif Mosekilde, Dr. John Pillinger

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Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bone loses some of its calcium content, leading to more fragile bones susceptible to spontaneous fractures or accidents such as falls slightly smaller and sprains.

Osteoporosis can be diagnosed when there are fractures or when the disease is still asymptomatic. In this case it is necessary to measure the amount of bone mineral content by densitometry.

The frequency of the disease increases with age and rarely occurs before age 55. Women are affected more often than men. In people with osteoporosis fractures occur primarily in the spine at the height of the back, wrists and neck of the femur (hip bone). Each year there are 33,000 cases in Spain of hip fracture because of osteoporosis. This disease can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle, a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supplements and, in the case of women, through hormone replacement therapy with estrogen after menopause. Because most dangerous fractures usually result from a fall, fall prevention is of paramount importance. Osteoporosis is a chronic disease but there is medication to increase the calcium content of bones and reduce the risk of new fractures.

Why is osteoporosis?

It is unknown why the spontaneous loss of bone mass that begins at thirty years in some people, it is more intense than others and produce osteoporosis. There may be hereditary or result of not having enough bone formed in youth, or be caused by a sedentary lifestyle or a low intake of dietary calcium (dairy products).

Osteoporosis associated with early menopause (before age 45 years), smoking, alcohol consumption, some chronic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, intestinal disease and Cushing’s syndrome). Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids (prednisone, cortisone) can increase the risk of osteoporosis if the dosage is higher than 7.5 mg per day. Unfortunately, in the treatment of some chronic diseases is inevitable the use of corticosteroids.

credit to: Dra. Ana María Rodríguez García, Dr. Bo Abrahamsen, Dr. Leif Mosekilde, Dr. John Pillinger

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There are a number of risk factors that may justify the development of osteoporosis in humans. Here are a few:
1. Hormone therapy against cancer of the prostate
2. Alcohol
3. Smoking
4. medication with cortisone
5. weak genetic

In these risk factors could add some bad habits:
1. The fact of not being active enough physically
2. A diet too low in fruits and vegetables
3. A diet too rich in acidifying foods (meat, legumes, cereals)
4. a diet too low in calcium
5. poor stress management

Requirements of calcium in humans
The man needs about 1,500 milligrams of calcium each day. Usually the food he brings in around 500 milligrams. He therefore lacking 1.000. If man is a consumer of dairy products, it may be possible to bridge this gap. A glass of eight ounces of milk contains 300 milligrams of calcium. A serving of yogurt provides both. It is also the case of an ounce and a half hard cheese like cheddar.

Without such a consumption of dairy products must be practically use supplementation to avoid missing calcium. Such supplementation can easily meet the calcium requirements of man: just take a dose of 350 milligrams of calcium three times a day.

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