Symptoms:

Bronchial asthma is manifested by choking, coughing, chest tightness and wheezing. When a person is stable, breathing can be regarded as the air is able to flow freely into the lungs, but if you have a cold, flu or is exposed to the substances mentioned above, the airways become obstructed.

This happens because the walls are inflamed, the muscles contract around them, and it adds high production of mucus, which further narrowed these channels making breathing difficult. Can occur at any age, but hardly before los2 or three years and is not curable, it is only possible to control it.

Causes of Asthma:

• Exaggerated airway sensitivity to certain elements, such as pollen, dust, smoke, animal hair, feathers and certain foods (fish, shellfish, peanuts and eggs) and some medications. Once one of these elements enter into the airway, it attacks the cells lining the inside, which respond by releasing chemicals that cause inflammation and hardening of the muscles. When this happens, it increases the production of mucus that is thick and sticky, and breathing is difficult.
• Cold weather or high humidity.
• Infections caused by viruses.
• cigarette smoke and environmental pollution.
• strenuous physical exercise.
• Intense emotional changes, such as happiness, sadness, fear and anger.
• Allergies.
• Anxiety and stress.

There are also medications long-term control. These are used continuously to control chronic symptoms and prevent asthma episodes. These include inhaled glucocorticoids. These are anti-inflammatory drugs are considered the most effective. Inhaled glucocorticoids help reduce the frequency of asthma episodes and reduce the dose of other drugs used to relieve symptoms. Because they travel directly into the airways is a risk of side effects is greatly reduced. Can still cause some problems such as thrush in the mouth and pharynx, atrophy of the muscles of the larynx which causes speech problems caused by irritation and coughing. Using low doses or a holding chamber are reduced these effects. Inhaled glucocorticoids may also affect the growth of some children. In addition there may be a slight increased risk of skin bruising and it becomes thin and susceptible to damage. The use of spacer is recommended as well as mouthwash and gargle after throwing water used. This reduces the amount of glucocorticoid that can be swallowed and absorbed through the digestive system. It also reduces the possibility of infections such as candidiasis already mentioned and the irritation of the mouth and throat.

Other drugs are long-term control beta-2 agonists. These are bronchodilators whose action can last up to 18 hours. Some of these are salmeterol (Begles Serevent INASP Betamican) and formoterol (Oxis, Neblik, Foradil). These drugs are used in combination with inhaled glucocorticoids.

The leukotriene modifiers or inhibitors are other medicines for long-term control. Leukotrienes are substances secreted by cells in the lungs during an asthma attack that cause inflammation in the lining of the airways. Some are leukotriene modifiers montelukast (Singulair) and zafirlukast (Accolate). Usually are not as effective as inhaled glucocorticoids but are an option when there is a mild attack of asthma and want to avoid the use of glucocorticoids. Leukotriene modifiers are also used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids or other medicines to help prevent asthma episodes.

The chromones – including cromolyn (Intal, Frenal) and nedocromil (Tilade, Ildor, Brionil, Cetinil), inhibit the degranulation of mast cells, immune cells that release histamine which in turn takes part in the inflammatory process. In some patients these drugs can control asthma and prevent asthma attacks of mild to moderate. In some cases they can help prevent exercise-induced asthma when used one hour before strenuous physical activity.

Methylxanthines (theophylline and aminophylline) act as bronchodilators. Its mode of action is unknown and at high doses can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, reflux, confusion, fast or irregular heartbeat, nervousness and even coma. The doses of these drugs must be tailored to each person through blood tests. Currently these drugs are falling into disuse.
Immunotherapy is another treatment. This is used for desensitization injections against allergens that can cause an asthma attack. They are administered as a vaccine the same substances that cause asthma, but in small quantities so that the body gets used and not reject them. This is a long-term therapy based on subcutaneous injections. The desired effects may take two or three years to produce.

Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies – In allergies the body produces antibodies called IgE that attack substances that generally are harmless, like pollen, dust mites or hair from domestic animals, causing the typical symptoms of this condition . A drug called omalizumab (Xolair) blocks the action of these antibodies and thus reduces the number of episodes of asthma caused by allergies. This medicine is provided based on injections. Among the risks is the possibility of a severe reaction that can produce up to two hours after injection. It is also believed that this drug may be related to cancer development. Pregnant women should or lactating should consult their doctor and that Xolair may cause complications.

Asthma Symptoms

Caution: Asthma is a serious condition and is a medical emergency. If you or someone around you suffers from acute asthma attacks consult your doctor or go to an emergency room quickly.

Symptoms of asthma include coughing, wheezing, runny in the form of phlegm, and dyspnea or fatigue (short breath). The severity of symptoms varies from a whistle may occur to a lesser severe difficulty breathing. Sometimes we think of asthma as a condition annoying but not life threatening. However, thousands of people die each year because of an asthma attack.

Asthma symptoms occur more frequently during the night. In some cases, asthma presents with long periods in which there are no symptoms until a crisis occurs or what many people call an asthma attack. In other cases the symptoms are more or less continuously, producing occasionally a sharpening of these. There are cases in which only show a persistent cough and tightness in the chest area. In some children appear to be a recurring bronchitis, coughing and phlegm without fatigue on breathing or other symptoms that occur in adults.

Incidence
Asthma has a higher incidence in children than in adults. It is estimated that in children the incidence is about eleven percent. However, in some cities with a high incidence of environmental pollution can be up to twenty five percent. About 80 percent of children with asthma develop symptoms before five years of age. By school age is more common among men. Fortunately, the trend is toward healing and that among adults the incidence is reduced to between four and six percent. People who were breastfed as children have a lower incidence of asthma.

Diagnosing Asthma
The diagnosis of asthma may be difficult due to the variety of symptoms and the need to rule out other conditions that can cause some similar symptoms. Conditions that can cause asthma-like symptoms include pulmonary emphysema, the beginnings of congestive heart failure and a vocal cord dysfunction known as episodic laryngeal dysfunction that affects mostly women. To reach a diagnosis is used in many cases to a medical history and various tests. One test used is known as pulmonary function test which determines how much air enters and leaves the lungs when we breathe.

To measure lung function are mainly used two instruments. One of them is called a spirometer and the other as meter peak. Another test used is the bronchial provocation. In this methacholine used an agent known to cause asthma. If you have asthma this agent will cause a small constriction of the airways, which can be measured with a pulmonary function test. In young children can not perform pulmonary function tests and diagnosis is done by careful collection and analysis of medical records and observation of patient response to an inhaled bronchodilator medication. If the patient improves with this drug is as safe as it is asthma. Exposure to cigarette smoke.

• Exposure to asthma triggers present in the workplace. These are chemicals used in agriculture, beauty salons and in the manufacture of electronic components, paints, steel and plastics.
• Having the parent (or both) asthmatics
• Low birth weight
• Obesity
• GE Reflux

In people whose asthma began before or two years of age whose mother also suffers or suffered from asthma, as well as those with a positive allergy test in which there are persistently impaired respiratory function the probability that the asthma is sustained after arrival adulthood is higher.

Complications of asthma
Allergy to which often starts asthma can be gradually replaced by inflammation. Over the years this can lead to tissue destruction of the bronchi. In these individuals occurs because of chronic inflammation, an irreversible obstructive airway and pulmonary function may decrease rapidly.

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The development of advanced cardiac care in hospital and good post-hospital care means that heart attack patients have a good chance to make a full recovery. This is important information to remember when you are reassuring to someone who has a heart attack.

Signs and symptoms of heart attack

These signs and symptoms are usually identical to those of angina – in fact, the patient may initially the attack of angina sufferer who becomes a heart attack.

The key difference is that heart attacks do not always follow physicalexertion. While sufferers will of angina is recovering from his attack on resting, the heart attack patients do not tend to improve without medical treatment.

Treatment for heart attack

• Move the death in a semi-sitting, head and shoulder supported and knees bent, as this is usually the best position to breathe in..
• Reassure the death and not let your move, as this will put an additional strain on the heart.
• Call for an ambulance as soon as possible because death required hospital care.
• If death has angina medication, let your take this. If you have a regular aspirin, to give you one to chew (without water).
• Save a continuous check on the breath and pulse and be prepared to resuscitate if necessary.

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